Novichenko “In the generations I will speak” (Creativity of Pavel Tychyna) “.

Vasilchenko always felt his blood connection with the people, with the people of labor. “… The way of life of the people’s teacher and peasant Ukrainian writer, for whom I consider myself,” he wrote in his autobiography, “is not an exceptional way, but characteristic of the children of rural proletarians.” His work developed in the same rhythm with the movement of life, responding to the spiritual needs of contemporaries. Our Soviet multinational reader highly appreciates in the works of S. Vasylchenko warm humanity, accuracy of psychological characteristics, humor, skill of the author in landscape paintings. To the end of the days, the writer retained his steadfastness of spirit, wise popular optimism. “I deeply believe in the great future of the Ukrainian word,” he wrote in his author’s confession, considering it a great happiness to work among those who “care for the high development of our magic word as a weapon of the broad working masses. ” Stepan Vasylchenko always remembered lab report writing service whose son he was, to whom he owed everything beautiful and good, that from childhood he entered the soul together with maternal caress, with the beauty of the morning dawn, with the songs of his native land. The teacher from Ichnia honestly fulfilled his writing duty. In his wonderful works he engraved his ardent love for the people of labor, and the reward for this was the grateful response of new and new generations of readers.

04/12/2011

The apparatus of the book as a system of reader orientation in the structure and content of the publication

Work with the book should begin with acquaintance with it. This will give a general idea of ​​the main theme and idea of ​​the book, the peculiarities of the presentation of the material, style, will help to plan further work, rational allocation of time, choosing the most appropriate form of records of the content read.

Acquaintance with the book begins with its title page (from the Latin titulus – inscription), which usually indicates the author’s name, title, order of publication, city, publisher and year of publication. Sometimes some of these elements are omitted and others are added. The name of its author can tell a lot to an experienced reader about the authoritativeness of a book. There are many scientists who have made a great contribution to the development of a particular field of science, writers who have won the love and recognition of readers with their works. Books written by them are treated with special confidence. The idea of ​​the quality of the book by a previously unknown author is formed in the process of working on it. There are books that are created by large groups of people. They usually indicate who edited or edited them. Thus, the title page of the “Dictionary of Foreign Words” (K., 1985) states that it was prepared for publication by the Main Editorial Board of the Ukrainian Soviet Encyclopedia, that this edition is the second, corrected and supplemented, that the book was published by Academician of the USSR. Melnichuk. The authors usually make sure that the title of the book becomes the first key to a deeper understanding of its content. Sometimes the choice of the title of a work becomes a subject of long reflection; in writers. Before stopping at the title of the novel “Do the oxen roar when the manger is full”, Panas Myrnyi and Ivan Bilyk wrote it under the names “Chipka”, “Light Bread”, “Rozbyshak” and others. And later it was published under the title “Lost Force”. The famous playwright I. Kocherga wrote that the title, for all its brevity, is first of all a synthesis, the soul of the work, and it takes considerable skill to crystallize this soul in two or three words. Textbooks and manuals are reviewed and approved by the relevant ministries before publication, which is also indicated on the title of the book. Thus, the title page of textbooks on philological disciplines for universities of the republic contains the stamp: “Approved by the Ministry of Higher and Secondary Special Education of the USSR as a textbook for students of philological faculties of universities.” At the bottom of the title page, the city in which the book was published, the name of the publisher and the year of publication are indicated. This information is also a guide, because the name of the publisher gives an idea of ​​the nature and features of the book. For example, political literature is published by the publishing house “Politvydav Ukrainy” research of academic institutions of Ukraine – publishing house “Naukova Dumka” university textbooks – “Higher school” school textbooks – “Soviet school” popular science brochures – society “Knowledge” works of art – publishing house “Soviet writer” “” Dnipro “and others. Before working with the book in addition to the title page you need to get acquainted with its apparatus. The book apparatus (from the Latin apparatus – adaptation) is a scientific reference material that their author, compiler or editor adds to inform readers about the ideological and thematic content and structure of the book, to explain difficult to understand places, to characterize the mentioned events and people., indicate the used literature, etc. The components of the book are: annotation, preface and introductory article, notes and comments, dictionary of difficult-to-understand words, afterword, biographical informat ion about the author, indexes, bibliography, summary, table of contents. The information obtained by reading the title page of the book will be supplemented by an annotation (from the Latin annoto – denote), usually placed on the back of the title page. This is a brief description of the contents of the book with an indication of which readers it is primarily intended for. Annotations to works of art sometimes provide more concise information about the author. Prefaces to books are written by their compilers, editors, translators or authors. The prefaces often characterize the historical circumstances and facts of the author’s personal life that prompted him to write the book. The collections define the principles of selection of works for them. The reprinted books substantiate the need for this, indicate the changes and additions that have been made. For example, when the German Manifesto of the Communist Party was published in German in 1872 and in Russian in 1882, its creators, K. Marx and F. Engels, co-wrote two prefaces. After the death of Karl Marx, F. Engels wrote the preface to the next five editions in German, English, Polish, and Italian. The Manifesto is a historical document. Therefore, the authors of the prefaces did not make any changes to it. Confirming the correctness of its general provisions, they at the same time in the prefaces drew attention to those individual facts that have become obsolete or changed since the appearance of this document. In the preface to the Russian edition, K. Marx and F. Engels considered the then acute question of the possible role in the social progress of the Russian community and so on. I. Franko, preparing for publication the novel “Zahar Berkut” himself wrote a short preface to it, in which he explained the difference between historical research and fiction. He, in particular, noted that where the historian operates with arguments and logical conclusions, the narrator must operate with living people, persons. Then the author explained that the basis of the story is taken from history and folk tales, and the protagonists are fictional. Twenty years later, while preparing the second edition, he added to the preface that he limited himself to correcting the language in the light of the achievements of its development. An introductory article plays a similar role to the preface in the book. However, it is usually marked by a larger than preface, scope and in-depth review of the issues raised and addressed in the book. its task is to prepare the reader for a thorough understanding and assimilation of the material. For example, the first volume of the collection of works by P. Tychyna in twelve volumes, published in Kyiv in 1983, contains an introductory article by L. Novichenko “In generations I will speak” (Works by Pavel Tychyna) “. It gives a thorough overview of life and The poet’s work for six decades of his work in literature, acquaintance with it will help to better understand the content, features of form and meaning written by P. Tychyna. Sometimes instead of a preface at the end of the book is an afterword written by the author, compiler, translator or editor.it is close to the preface in content, but because it is read mainly when the work or book has already been read, it lacks advice on how to read them. the author makes any factual inaccuracies or erroneous statements in a valuable book in general, the author of the afterword reveals them and gives the correct interpretation.vyh collections at the end of each work is sometimes given a summary (from Fr. resume) – a brief conclus ion, a list of its main provisions. Sometimes at the end of the book contain comments (from the Latin commentarium – notes, interpretations) – additional information about the events mentioned in the book, historical figures, artists and more. Comments on works of art sometimes characterize the author’s creative laboratory, history of writing, available versions and editions, author’s self-assessments and critics’ judgments. There are historical and literary, textual, real and linguistic (linguistic) comments. The comments usually indicate the source of this publication, the changes made to the text by the author or editor, and so on. For example, in the already mentioned first volume of P. Tychyna’s 12-volume commentary on the poem “The Party Leads” it is said that it was first published in the newspaper “Pravda” in 1933 and reprinted in the newspaper “Visti” that the poet ruled it, etc. … Here is the original version of the poem, it is indicated that the main text is given in the 1954 edition of “Favorites”. In the real commentary, factual information about the time and place of the events described by the author is given, allegories and hints available in the book are deciphered, explanations about the mentioned people, organizations, etc. are given. For example, in the comments to Tychyna’s poem “Not Zeus, not the Lord …” these characters of ancient Greek myths are characterized. Linguistic commentary is mainly a translation of foreign words used by the author, interpretation of obsolete or obscure expressions, and so on. It can be submitted either at the end of the page under the main text or at the end of the book. Author’s or editorial notes, submitted either at the end of the work or at the bottom of the pages as footnotes, play a similar role to comments. They further explain certain provisions of the book or supplement the text. Finally, books have elements that guide readers in their content, help to quickly find the right information. This is the contents of the book and various indexes. Usually books are divided into chapters, chapters, sections, which often have their own names.